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Combining block-based programming and hardware prototyping to foster computational thinking.
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App Inventor O’Reilly Media: Newton, MA, USA, 2011. In Proceedings of the 42nd ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education, Dallas, TX, USA, 9–12 March 2011 pp. Available online: (accessed on 7 July 2022). The Scratch programming language and environment. Tooee: A Novel Scratch Extension for K-12 Big Data and Artificial Intelligence Education Using Text-Based programming blocks. Medical informatics labor market analysis using web crawling, web scraping, and text mining. The authors declare no conflict of interest. Surprisingly, all teachers with more than six months of block-based programming experience “strongly agreed” that K-12 students could build their programming and data literacy skills through creating our web scraping applications. (2) In addition, these blocks are expected to help improve students’ programming and data literacy skills (Research Question 2).
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In addition, they agreed that our blocks were difficult for children in early primary school to use but not for upper-grade primary school students or secondary school students. The teachers gave very high scores for the “practicality” of our blocks compared to the existing blocks ( p = 0.03389). (1) It is expected that students will be able to easily create practical programs by using our web scraping blocks (Research Question 1). Based on the evaluation results from the teachers’ responses, we draw the following conclusions. Most of the teachers expected these blocks to be very effective in teaching web scraping to K-12 students. The teachers created a total of ten web scraping applications through the lectures. We conducted web scraping education using the proposed blocks through two sets of lectures over three weeks for a total of 15 teachers. Because the first string is the reserved word “#scroll”, the server scrolls down the HTML element described in the second string (in this case, “/html”). Similarly, when the “down arrow” key is pressed, the WebSocket server receives the two strings “#scroll” and “/html”. For example, if the HTML file has “more blog posts”, then the anchor text “more blog posts” will be clicked when the “c” key is pressed. When the “c” key is pressed, the WebSocket client sends the two strings “#click” and When the WebSocket server receives “#click” as the first string, it clicks the HTML element described by the second string. Here, we assume that the web page “ ” has already been opened on the browser by executing the two scripts shown in Figure 3 and that the variable “XPath to click” has “#click” and the variable “XPath to scroll” has “#scroll”. Figure 4 illustrates an example application using these web automation blocks.